Electrosurgical tissue sealer and cutter

ABSTRACT

A surgical instrument comprises an end effector including a pair of jaw members configured to move with respect to one another between an open configuration and a closed configuration for clamping tissue. At least one jaw member includes an elongate cam slot extending in a longitudinal direction over a substantial a length a tissue clamping surface of the at least one jaw member. A plurality of electrically isolated, and longitudinally spaced electrodes is supported by the tissue clamping surface and is configured to deliver electrosurgical energy to tissue. A reciprocating member engages the elongate cam slot and is extendable to a sealing position with respect to each of the electrodes to define a predetermined gap distance between a particular electrode and an opposing tissue clamping surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/632,804, filed on Oct. 1, 2012, which was a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/429,533, filed on Apr. 24, 2009, nowU.S. Pat. No. 8,277,446, the entire contents of each is herebyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and related method forelectrosurgically sealing tissue. In particular, the disclosure relatesto sealing tissue with a series of discrete electrode segments spacedover a targeted region of the tissue.

2. Background of Related Art

Instruments such as electrosurgical forceps are commonly used in openand endoscopic surgical procedures to coagulate, cauterize and sealtissue. Such forceps typically include a pair of jaws that can becontrolled by a surgeon to grasp targeted tissue, such as, e.g., a bloodvessel. The jaws may be approximated to apply a mechanical clampingforce to the tissue, and are associated with at least one electrode topermit the delivery of electrosurgical energy to the tissue. Thecombination of the mechanical clamping force and the electrosurgicalenergy has been demonstrated to join adjacent layers of tissue capturedbetween the jaws. When the adjacent layers of tissue include the wallsof a blood vessel, sealing the tissue may result in hemostasis, whichmay facilitate the transection of the sealed tissue. A detaileddiscussion of the use of an electrosurgical forceps may be found in U.S.Pat. No 7,255,697 to Dycus et al.

A bipolar electrosurgical forceps typically includes opposed electrodesdisposed on clamping surfaces of the jaws. The electrodes are charged toopposite electrical potentials such that an electrosurgical current maybe selectively transferred through tissue grasped between theelectrodes. To effect a proper seal, particularly in relatively largevessels, two predominant mechanical parameters should be accuratelycontrolled; the pressure applied to the vessel, and the gap distanceestablished between the electrodes.

Both the pressure and gap distance influence the effectiveness of theresultant tissue seal. If an adequate gap distance is not maintained,there is a possibility that the opposed electrodes will contact oneanother, which may cause a short circuit and prevent energy from beingtransferred through the tissue. Also, if too low a force is applied thetissue may have a tendency to move before an adequate seal can begenerated. The thickness of a typical effective tissue seal is optimallybetween about 0.001 and about 0.006 inches. Below this range, the sealmay shred or tear and above this range the vessel walls may not beeffectively joined.

Certain surgical procedures may be performed more quickly and accuratelywith an electrosurgical forceps having relatively longer electrodes thanone having shorter electrodes. To this end, electrosurgical forceps havebecome available with electrodes 60 mm in length or more. Longerelectrodes, however, may tend to present difficulties in maintaining auniform pressure and gap distance, and thus, creating an effective sealalong the entire length of the jaws may prove difficult. For example,where a pair of jaws is pivotally coupled by a pivot pin at a proximalregion of the jaws, the effects of manufacturing tolerances may beamplified according to a longitudinal distance from the pivot pin.Tissue captured at a distal region of the jaws may thus encountergreater gap distances and lower clamping forces than tissue captured ata proximal region near the pivot pin. This non-uniformity may make itdifficult to adequately control the necessary mechanical parameters togenerate an effective seal along the entire length of the electrodes.

Also, longer electrodes may tend to have greater power requirements thanshorter electrodes. Current up to 5 amps may be drawn by longerelectrodes, which is near a limit set for some commercially availableelectrosurgical generators.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure describes a surgical instrument for sealingtissue. The instrument comprises an end effector including a pair of jawmembers having a opposing tissue clamping surfaces, wherein at least oneof the jaw members configured to move with respect to the other jawmember to move the end effector between an open configuration forreceiving tissue and a closed configuration for clamping tissue betweenthe opposing clamping surfaces. The at least one jaw member includes anelongate cam slot extending longitudinally along the at least one jawmember over a substantial a length of the tissue clamping surfaces. Aplurality of electrically isolated electrodes is supported by at leastone of the tissue clamping surfaces of the jaw members, and each of theplurality of electrodes is longitudinally spaced along the at least onetissue clamping surface and is configured to deliver electrosurgicalenergy to the tissue, A reciprocating member is extendable through theelongate cam slot to a longitudinal sealing position with respect toeach of the electrodes, wherein when the reciprocating member is in thesealing position with respect to a particular electrode thereciprocating member defines a predetermined gap distance between theparticular electrode and the opposing clamping surface.

The surgical instrument may also include an interruption mechanism tointerrupt advancement of the reciprocating member at each of thelongitudinal sealing positions. The interruption mechanism may includesa handle movable with respect to a grip member, wherein thereciprocating member is operatively coupled to the movable handle suchthat the reciprocating member is advanced upon approximation of themovable handle with the grip member and advancement of the reciprocatingmember is interrupted upon separation of the movable handle from thegrip member. Alternatively, the interruption mechanism may include amotor and a controller, wherein the motor is operatively associated withthe reciprocating member to advance the reciprocating member uponactivation of the motor and interrupt advancement upon deactivation ofthe motor, and wherein the controller is operatively associated with themotor to activate and deactivate the motor. A sensor array in electricalcommunication with the controller may be adapted to detect the positionof the reciprocating member with respect to at least one sealingposition.

The surgical instrument may further comprise a controller for providingelectrical energy to a particular electrode while maintaining otherelectrodes in an electrically inactive state. A sensor array inelectrical communication with the controller may be adapted to detect acharacteristic of the tissue indicative of a completed electrosurgicaltreatment. The sensor array may include at least one of a temperaturesensor, an impedance sensor and an optical sensor.

The reciprocating member may include a blade for transecting tissue. Thereciprocationg member may include a cam driver configured to engage theelongate cam slot and the blade may be disposed proximally with respectto a cam driver. The blade may be disposed sufficiently proximally withrespect to the cam driver such that when the reciprocating member is ina sealing position associated with a particular electrode, the blade isdisposed proximally of the particular electrode.

The reciprocating member may generally exhibit an 1-beam geometryincluding a pair of opposed flanges connected by an intermediate web.One of the pair of opposed flanges may engage the elongate cam slotdefined in one of the jaw members and the other of the pair of opposedflanged may engage a second cam slot defined in the other of the jawmembers. The elongate cam slot may include a proximal portion curvedsuch that advancement of the reciprocating member therethrough urges theend effector to the closed configuration.

The plurality of electrodes may include a plurality of electrode sets,Each electrode set may include at least two electrodes of oppositepolarity supported by respective clamping surfaces such that theelectrodes of opposite polarity may cooperate to induce anelectrosurgical current to flow through tissue positioned between theclamping surfaces.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, a surgical instrumentcomprises an end effector including a pair of jaw members. At least oneof the jaw members is configured to move with respect to the other jawmember to move the end effector between an open configuration forreceiving tissue and a closed configuration for clamping tissue betweena pair of opposed clamping surfaces supported by the jaw members. Aplurality of electrically isolated electrodes is supported by at leastone of the clamping surfaces of the jaw members. Each of the pluralityof electrodes is longitudinally spaced along the at least one clampingsurface and is configured to deliver electrosurgical energy to thetissue. A reciprocating member includes a blade, the reciprocatingmember extendable to a longitudinal sealing position with respect toeach of the electrodes, wherein when the reciprocating member is in thesealing position with respect to a particular electrode the blade isdisposed immediately proximally of the particular electrode. Aninterruption mechanism is provided to interrupt advancement of thereciprocating member at each of the sealing positions.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method forelectrosurgically treating tissue comprises providing an instrumentincluding a plurality of electrically isolated electrodes spacedlongitudinally along at least one tissue clamping surface of one of apair of jaw members. The instrument also includes a reciprocating memberlongitudinally movable to a sealing position with respect to each of theplurality of electrodes. The reciprocating member defines apredetermined gap distance between a particular electrode an opposingtissue clamping surface jaw member when in the sealing position withrespect to the particular electrode. The method also comprisespositioning tissue between the opposing tissue clamping surfaces suchthat at least a first proximal electrode and a second distal electrodeof the plurality of electrodes contacts the tissue, and advancing thereciprocating member to the sealing position with respect to the firstproximal electrode to clamp the tissue between the first proximalelectrode and the opposing tissue clamping surface at the predeterminedgap distance. Advancement of the reciprocating member is interrupted tomaintain the reciprocating member at the sealing position with respectto the first proximal electrode while providing electrosurgical energyto the first proximal electrode and maintaining the second distalelectrode in an electrically inactive state. The reciprocating member isfurther advanced to the sealing position with respect to the seconddistal electrode to clamp the tissue between the second distal electrodeand the opposing tissue clamping surface at the predetermined gapdistance, and advancement of the reciprocating member is againinterrupted to maintain the reciprocating member at the sealing positionwith respect to the second distal electrode while providingelectrosurgical energy to the second distal electrode and maintainingthe first proximal electrode in an electrically inactive state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the presentdisclosure and, together with the detailed description of theembodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of thedisclosure.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument in accordance withthe present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of a distal end of theinstrument of FIG. 1 depicting an end effector in an open configuration;

FIG. 3 is a broken, side view of the end effector of FIG. 2 depicting areciprocating member in a retracted position;

FIG. 4 is a partial, perspective view of the reciprocating member ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 2 in aclosed configuration;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram describing a process for sealing the targetedtissue of FIG. 6 using the instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a partial, perspective view of targeted tissue at a surgicalsite clamped by the end effector of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 8A through 8C are schematic views of the end effector of FIG. 6 invarious stages of the process described in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a sensor array associated with the endeffector of FIG. 2;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an alternate embodiment of a sensorarray;

FIG. 11A is a cross sectional view of the instrument of FIG. 1 depictingan actuation mechanism for manually effecting the process of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11B is a close-tip view of a drive mechanism depicted in FIG. 11A;

FIG. 11C is a close up view of a locking mechanism depicted in FIG. 11A;and

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of an alternate embodiment of anactuation mechanism for partially automating the process of FIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring initially to FIG. 1, an embodiment of an electrosurgicalinstrument is depicted generally as 10. The instrument 10 includes ahandle assembly 12 for remotely controlling an end effector 14 throughan elongate shaft 16. Although this configuration is typicallyassociated with instruments for use in laparoscopic or endoscopicsurgical procedures, various aspects of the present disclosure may bepracticed in connection with traditional open procedures as well asendoluminal procedures.

Handle assembly 12 is coupled to an electrosurgical cable 20, which maybe used to connect the instrument 10 to a source of electrosurgicalenergy. The cable 20 extends to connector 22 including prong members 22a and 22 b, which are dimensioned to mechanically and electricallyconnect the instrument 10 to an electrosurgical generator (not shown).Each of the two prong members 22 a and 22 b may be associated with anopposite electrical potential (supplied by the generator) such thatbipolar energy may be conducted through the cable 20, and to the endeffector 14.

To control the end effector 14, the handle assembly 12 includes astationary handle 24 and movable handle 26. The movable handle 26 may beseparated and approximated relative to the stationary handle 24 torespectively open and close the end effector 14. A trigger 30 is alsodisposed on the handle assembly 12, and is operable to initiate andterminate the delivery of electrosurgical energy through the endeffector 14.

Referring now to FIG. 2, end effector 14 is depicted in an openconfiguration. Upper and lower jaw members 32 and 34 are separated fromone another such that tissue may be received therebetween. The jawmembers 32, 34 are each pivotally coupled to the elongate shaft 16 by arespective pivot pin 36. The lower jaw member 34 includes a proximalflange 38 extending into a bifurcated distal end of the elongate shaft16 and engaging the pivot pin 36. The upper jaw member 32 is similarlycoupled to the elongate shaft 16 such that the two jaw members 32, 34are pivotally movable relative to one another. End effector 14 is thusmovable between the open configuration depicted in FIG. 2 and a closedconfiguration depicted in FIG. 6 wherein the jaw members 32, 34 arecloser together. Other constructions are also envisioned includingconstructions in which only one jaw member moves.

The upper and lower jaw members 32, 34 define clamping surfaces 42 and44. Tissue positioned between the clamping surfaces 42 and 44 willencounter a clamping force applied by the jaw members 32, 34 when theend effector 14 is moved to the closed configuration. Each of theclamping surfaces 42, 44 carries a plurality of discrete electrodesegments thereon collectively identified as 50. The electrode segments50 are arranged in pairs longitudinally spaced along the clampingsurfaces 42, 44. For example, a first pair of electrodes 50 a(+)occupies a first a proximal region of the clamping surface 44 of thelower jaw member 34. Four additional pairs of electrodes 50 b(+), 50c(+), 50 d(+) and 50 e(+) are spaced longitudinally in successivelydistal regions of the clamping surface 44. Electrode pairs 50 a(−), 50b(−), 50 c(−), 50 d(−) and 50 e(−)(FIG. 3) occupy corresponding regionsof the clamping surface 42 of the upper jaw member 32. The correspondingelectrode pairs, 50 a(+) and 50 a(−), for example, may be charged toopposite polarities such that they cooperate to induce anelectrosurgical current to flow through tissue positioned between theclamping surfaces 42 and 44. Although the clamping surfaces 42, 44 areeach depicted as including five electrode pairs, any number oflongitudinally spaced electrodes is contemplated.

A knife channel 52 extends longitudinally through each of the jawmembers 32 and 34. The knife channel 52 permits a reciprocating member54 (FIG. 3) to traverse the clamping surfaces 42, 44 to sever tissuepositioned therebetween. Since each electrode of the electrode pairs, 50a(+) for example, includes one electrode 50 disposed on each lateralside of the knife channel 52, an accurate cut may be generated betweenregions of sealed tissue.

Referring now to FIG. 3, reciprocating member 54 is slidably disposedwithin the elongate shaft 16. The reciprocating member 54 may beadvanced distally into the knife channel 52 of the jaw members 32, 34.Since each jaw member 32 and 34 is coupled to the elongate shaft 16 by aseparate pivot pin 36, the reciprocating member 54 may pass between thepivot pins 36 as the reciprocating member 54 is advanced distally. Thereciprocating member 54 includes a sharpened blade 56 at a forward edgethat permits the reciprocating member 54 to transect tissue as thereciprocating member 54 is advanced through the knife channel 52.

The knife channel 52 includes a pair of elongate cam slots 60 extendinglongitudinally through each of the jaw members 32, 34. The elongate camslots 60 each include a proximal region 60 a for engaging thereciprocating member 54 to move the end effector 14 between the open andclosed configurations. The proximal regions 60 a are curved such thatadvancement of the reciprocating member 54 therethrough in a distaldirection causes the jaw members 32, 34 to pivot toward one anotherabout the pivot pins 36. Further advancement of the reciprocating member54 causes the reciprocating member 54 to engage distal regions 60 b ofthe cam slots 60. The distal regions 60 b are generally flat and allowthe reciprocating member 54 to define a gap distance “G” between theelectrodes 50 as described below with reference to FIG. 5.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, the geometry of a distal portion of thereciprocating member 54 generally resembles an I-beam having a pair ofopposed flanges 62 connected by an intermediate web 64. The flanges 62each include a forward cam driver 66 at a distal end, and a camengagement surface 68 extending laterally from the web 64. The camengagement surfaces 68 have a longitudinal length “L” approximating alength of the cam slots 60, permitting the reciprocating member 54 toengage the jaw members 32, 34 substantially over a length of theclamping surfaces 42, 44. A forward edge of the web 64 forming thesharpened blade 56 is recessed a distance “R” from the forward camdrivers 66. This recess permits the reciprocating member 54 to engagethe cam slots 60 at a distal location with respect to blade 56.

The cam engagement surfaces 68 oppose one another and are separated by apredetermined distance “H.” When the reciprocating member 54 is advancedinto the jaw members 32, 34, the engagement surfaces 68 engage thedistal regions 60 b of the cam slots 60 to define a gap distance “G”between electrodes 50. The gap distance “G” is typically between about0.001 and about 0.006 inches for sealing many tissue types, althoughgreater gap distances “G” may be suitable for some tissue types of forother electrosurgical processes.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 through 8C, a process for sealing and dividingtissue such as vessel “v” includes the steps of introducing the endeffector 14 into a body cavity and clamping the vessel “V.” The endeffector 14 may be introduced into the body cavity through a cannula “C”as depicted in FIG. 7, and the jaw members 32, 34 may be approximated tocontact the vessel “V.” The jaw members 32, 34 may be approximated byadvancing the forward cam drivers 66 of the reciprocating member 54 overthe proximal regions 60 a of the cam slots 60 as discussed above.

Next the reciprocating member 54 is advanced to a first sealing positionas indicated in FIG. 8A. With the reciprocating member 54 in the firstsealing positioin, the forward cam drivers 66 extend sufficientlydistally to define an appropriate gap distance “G” between a first setof electrodes 50 a(+) and 50 a(−). A separation distance greater thanthe gap distance “G” may be develop between electrodes 50 disposeddistally with respect to the first set of electrodes 50 a(+) and 50a(−). Such larger separation distances may occur in part due torelatively high reactionary forces applied by the vessel “V” and anyinherent flexibility in the jaw members 32, 34. The flexibility of thejaw members 32, 34 as illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C is exaggeratedfor clarity.

The first sealing position depicted in FIG. 8A is also characterized bythe immediately proximal location of the forward blade 56 with respectto the vessel “V” and the first set of electrodes 50 a(+) and 50 a(−).This arrangement helps to ensure that no unsealed tissue is cut.Advancement of the reciprocating member 54 is interrupted to maintainthe reciprocating member 54 at the first sealing position.

Next, electrosurgical energy is applied to the first set of electrodes50 a(+) and 50 a(−) for an appropriate amount of time to effect tissuesealing. The remainder of the electrodes 50 may remain electricallyinactive while an electrosurgical current is induced through the vessel“V” in the vicinity of the first set of electrodes 50 a(+) and 50 a(−).Thus, tissue in the immediate vicinity of the reciprocating member 54may be sealed while tissue positioned between more distal electrodes 50remains untreated. Once tissue sealing has been effected between thefirst set of electrodes 50 a(+) and 50 a(−), the application ofelectrosurgical energy is interrupted.

Next, the reciprocating member 54 is advanced to a subsequent sealingposition as indicated in FIG. 8B. As the reciprocating member 54 isadvanced, the forward blade 56 transects the tissue positioned betweenthe first set of electrodes 50 a(+) and 50 a(−)while the forward camdrivers 66 establish the appropriate gap distance “G” between a thesubsequent set of electrodes 50 b(+) and 50 b(−). Advancement of thereciprocating member 54 is again interrupted such that the reciprocatingmember 54 is maintained in the subsequent sealing position. Theapplication of electrosurgical energy may be repeated for the subsequentset of electrodes 50 b(+) and 50 b(−)while the remainder of theelectrodes 50 remain electrically inactive.

The steps of advancing the reciprocating member 54, interrupting theadvancement of the reciprocating member 54, and applying electrosurgicalenergy to a selected set of electrodes 50 may be repeated until thereciprocating member reaches a final or distal most set of electrodes 50e(+) and 50 e(−) as depicted in FIG. 8C. In this position, all of thetissue has been sealed and transected by the forward blade 56. Thus, thereciprocating member 54 may be retracted, releasing the vessel “V” fromthe end effector 14. Alternatively, and particularly in instances wheretissue spills out beyond the end effector 14, an electrosurgical currentmay be applied to the final set of electrodes 50 e(+) and 50 e(−) toeffect sealing therebetween. Retracting the reciprocating member 54 atthis point allows a portion of sealed tissue to remain unsevered by theforward blade 56. The sealed and unsevered tissue may facilitate furthersurgical action on the tissue.

Several features may be incorporated into a surgical instrument tofacilitate various aspects of the procedure. For example, indicators maybe provided to alert an operator of an instrument status, or that aparticular step of the procedure is complete and that the subsequentsteps may be performed.

As depicted in FIG. 9, an indicator may be associated with an array oftemperature sensors 70. Each temperature sensor 70 is positionedappropriately to detect a temperature of tissue positioned adjacent oneof the electrode pairs, 50 a(−) for example. The sensors 70 areelectrically coupled to controller 72 through the elongate shaft 16. Thecontroller may be positioned within the handle assembly 12 (FIG. 1), oralternatively within the electrosurgical generator, which provides theelectrosurgical energy to the electrodes 50. The controller 72 providesan indication to an operator that a particular tissue temperature hasbeen achieved. For example, as electrosurgical energy is applied to thefirst set of electrodes 50 a(+) and 50 a(−) tissue positionedtherebetween may tend to heat up to a particular temperature associatedwith properly sealed tissue. When this temperature is achieved, thecontroller may emit an audible tone, provide a flashing light orotherwise alert the operator that sealing has been completed. Theoperator may interrupt the application of electrosurgical energy bereleasing the trigger 30 (FIG. 1), or alternatively the controller 70may be configured to provide a signal to the electrosurgical generatorto automatically discontinue the delivery of electrosurgical energy.Sensors 70 may also include an impedance sensor and/or an optical sensorto detect a characteristic of effectively sealed tissue.

As depicted in FIG. 10, an array of position sensors 76 may bealternatively or additionally provided. Each position sensor 76 isconfigured and positioned to detect a position of the reciprocatingmember 54 within the elongate cam slots 60. The sensors 76 are alsoelectrically coupled to the controller 72. Thus, the controller 72 mayprovide an indicator to the operator that the reciprocating member 54has been advanced to a sealing position.

Each of the electrodes 50 may also be electrically coupled to thecontroller 72 to detect the presence of tissue positioned between a setof electrodes 50. For example, when a vessel such as “V2” (FIG. 10) ispositioned between the clamping surfaces 42, 44 some of the electrodes50 may contact tissue, and others may not. The controller 72 may beconfigured to send an electrical signal to a test electrode 50 a(+), forexample, and monitor an opposite electrode 50 a(−) to determine whethertissue is positioned between the electrodes 50 a(+), 50 a(−). A signaldetected at a tissue contacting electrode 50 b(−) for example, will bedistinguishable from a signal detected at an electrode 50 a(−) that doesnot contact tissue. For the vessel “V2,” the controller 72 may providean indicator to the operator that electrosurgical energy does not needto be applied to the first set of electrodes 50 a(+), 50 a(−), and thatthe reciprocating member 54 may be advanced directly to the subsequentset of electrodes 50 b(+), 50 b(−).

Referring now to FIG. 11A, 11B and 11C, a mechanism for appropriatelyadvancing and interrupting the reciprocating member 54 is housed withinhandle assembly 12. The reciprocating member 54 is coupled to a driveshaft 78 such that the longitudinal motion of the drive shaft 78 istransferred to the reciprocating member 54. The drive shaft 78 includesa flange 80 at a proximal end, and a driving rack 82 and a locking rack84 extending longitudinally along the shaft 78. The drive shaft 78 isbiased in a proximal direction by compression spring 86 captured betweena fixed housing member 88 and the flange 80.

A driving pawl 92 is pivotally mounted to movable handle 26 about apivot pin 94. The driving pawl 92 is pivotally biased toward the drivingrack 82 by a biasing member such as a torsion spring (not shown).Similarly, a locking pawl 96 is pivotally mounted to a stationaryhousing member 98 about a pivot pin 102. The locking pawl 96 ispivotally biased toward the locking rack 84 by a biasing member such asa torsion spring (not shown).

In use, the movable handle 26 may be approximated with the stationarygrip member 28 to drive the driving pawl 92 in a distal direction. Thedriving pawl 92 bears on a drive tooth 82 a of the driving rack 82 todrive the drive shaft 78 in a distal direction, which drives thereciprocating member 54 in a distal direction. Thus, the movable handle26 may initially be approximated with the stationary grip member 28 tomove the end effector 14 from an open configuration to a closedconfiguration as discussed above with reference to FIG. 3.

As the drive shaft 78 moves distally (see arrow “D” in FIG. 11B), atooth 84 a of the locking rack 84 presses on the locking pawl 96. Thelocking pawl 96 pivots in the direction of arrow “R” against the bias ofthe biasing member until the tooth 84 a has moved sufficiently todisengage the locking pawl 96. The biasing member then causes thelocking pawl 96 to pivot back toward the locking rack 84 such that thelocking pawl 96 engages a locking face 104 of the tooth 84 a. Engagementof the locking pawl 96 with the locking face 104 maintains alongitudinal position of the drive shaft 78, and thus the reciprocatingmember 54.

With the longitudinal position of the drive shaft 78 maintained,separation of the movable handle 26 from the stationary grip member 28causes a motion of the driving pawl 92 in the direction of arrow “H”(FIG. 11B) relative to the driving rack 82. The driving pawl 92 pivotsagainst the bias of the biasing member in the direction of arrow “P” asit moves proximally past a second drive tooth 82 b. Once the drivingpawl 92 is moved proximally beyond the second drive tooth 82 b, thebiasing member causes the driving pawl 92 to pivot back toward the driverack 82 such that the driving pawl 92 engages a driving face 106 of thesecond drive tooth 82 b. Once the driving face 106 is engaged, themovable handle 26 may again be approximated with the stationary gripmember 28 to advance further advance the reciprocating member the driveshaft 78 and the reciprocating member 54.

The mechanism depicted in FIG. 11A may thus be used to advance thereciprocating member 54 to each subsequent sealing position byrepeatedly approximating and separating the movable handle 26 relativeto the stationary grip 28. Advancement of the reciprocating member 54 isautomatically interrupted at each sealing position as the movable handle26 must be separated from the grip 28 to effect further advancement.When the reciprocating member 54 is fully advanced, a release (notshown) may be activated to pivot the driving pawl 92 and the lockingpawl 96 away from the drive shaft 78. This will permit retraction of thereciprocating member 54 under the bias of the compression spring 86.

Referring now to FIG. 12, an instrument 120 includes an actuationmechanism for partially automating the advancement of the reciprocatingmember 54. Instrument 120 includes a movable handle 26, which is movablerelative to a stationary grip member 28 similar to the instrument 10discussed above with reference to FIG. 11A. A driving pawl 92 is mountedto the movable handle 26 and engages a drive wedge 122 protruding from adrive shaft 124. The drive shaft 124 is coupled to the reciprocatingmember 54 such that longitudinal motion of the drive shaft 124 istransferred to the reciprocating member 54. Thus, the movable handle 26may initially be approximated with the stationary grip member 28 to movethe end effector 14 from an open configuration to a closed configurationas discussed above with reference to FIG. 3.

Thereafter, a motor 130 may be activated to drive the reciprocatingmember 54. The motor 130 is coupled to a clutch 132, which drives apinion gear 134. The pinion gear 134, in turn drives a toothed rack 136of the drive shaft 124.

The motor 130 is coupled to the controller 72 such that the motor 130may receive instructions therefrom. The controller 72 may be configuredto receive instructions from an operator as when to advance or interruptmotion of the reciprocating member 54. Alternatively, the controller 72may include an algorithm to receive information from the electrodes 50and sensors 70, 76 (FIGS. 9 and 10) to determine an appropriate time toadvance and interrupt motion of the reciprocating member 54.

Although the foregoing disclosure has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example, for purposes of clarity orunderstanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modificationsmay be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A surgical instrument, comprising: an end effectorincluding a pair of jaw members having opposing tissue clampingsurfaces, at least one of the jaw members configured to move withrespect to the other jaw member from an open configuration for receivingtissue and a closed configuration for clamping tissue between theopposing tissue clamping surfaces, at least one jaw member defining aknife channel extending longitudinally along a length of the tissueclamping surface, the knife channel including a blade slot and anelongated cam slot, the blade slot extending between the tissue clampingsurfaces and the elongated cam slot; a plurality of electricallyisolated and independently activatable electrodes supported by at leastone of the tissue clamping surfaces of one of the jaw members, each ofthe plurality of electrically insulated electrodes spaced along at leastone respective tissue clamping surface and configured to selectivelydeliver electrosurgical energy to tissue; and a reciprocating memberselectively extendable through the elongated cam slot to a distal endthereof to cam the jaw members to the closed configuration, each of theplurality of electrodes independently activatable as the reciprocatingmember extends through the elongated cam slot.
 22. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 21 further comprising an interruptionmechanism configured to interrupt advancement of the reciprocatingmember at sequential sealing positions along the elongated cam slot toallow selective application of electrosurgical energy.
 23. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 22, wherein the interruption mechanismincludes a handle movable with respect to a grip member, wherein thereciprocating member is operatively coupled to the movable handle suchthat the reciprocating member is advanced upon approximation of themovable handle with the grip member and advancement of the reciprocatingmember is interrupted upon separation of the movable handle from thegrip member.
 24. The surgical instrument according to claim 22, whereinthe interruption mechanism includes a motor and a controller, the motoroperatively associated with the reciprocating member to advance thereciprocating member upon activation of the motor and interruptadvancement upon deactivation of the motor, the controller operativelyassociated with the motor to activate and deactivate the motor.
 25. Thesurgical instrument according to claim 24, further comprising a sensorarray in electrical communication with the controller, the sensor arrayadapted to detect the position of the reciprocating member within theelongated cam slot with respect to at least one sealing position. 26.The surgical instrument according to claim 21, further comprising acontroller for providing electrical energy to a particular electricallyisolated electrode while maintaining other electrically isolatedelectrodes in an electrically inactive state.
 27. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 26, further comprising a sensor array inelectrical communication with the controller, the sensor array adaptedto detect a characteristic of tissue indicative of a completedelectrosurgical treatment.
 28. The surgical instrument according toclaim 27, wherein the sensor array includes at least one of atemperature sensor, an impedance sensor, and an optical sensor.
 29. Thesurgical instrument according to claim 21, wherein the reciprocatingmember includes a blade for transecting tissue.
 30. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 29, wherein the reciprocating memberincludes a cam driver configured to engage the elongated cam slot andthe blade is disposed proximal the cam driver.
 31. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 30, wherein the blade is disposedsufficiently proximal relative to the cam driver such that when thereciprocating member is in the sealing position associated with aparticular electrically isolated electrode, the blade is disposedproximal of the particular electrically isolated electrode.
 32. Thesurgical instrument according to claim 21, wherein the reciprocatingmember generally exhibits an I-beam geometry including a pair of opposedflanges connected by an intermediate web.
 33. The surgical instrumentaccording to claim 32, wherein one of the pair of opposed flangesengages the elongated cam slot defined within one of the jaw members andthe other of the pair of opposed flanged engages a second elongated camslot defined within the other of the jaw members.
 34. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 21, wherein the elongated cam slot isangled such that advancement of the reciprocating member therethroughurges the end effector to the closed configuration.
 35. The surgicalinstrument according to claim 21, wherein the plurality of electricallyisolated and independently activatable electrodes includes a pluralityof electrode sets, each electrode set including at least twoelectrically isolated electrodes of opposite polarity supported onrespective opposing tissue clamping surfaces such that the electricallyisolated electrodes of opposite polarity cooperate to induceelectrosurgical current flow through tissue positioned between thetissue clamping surfaces.
 36. The surgical instrument according to claim21, wherein the elongated cam slot has a width greater than the width ofthe blade slot.
 37. The surgical instrument according to claim 21,wherein the elongated cam slot and the blade slot form a T-shape withone another.
 38. The surgical instrument according to claim 21, whereinthe elongated cam slot includes cam engagement surfaces substantiallyparallel to the tissue clamping surfaces, the cam engagement surfacesengaged by the reciprocating member to cam the jaw members to the closedconfiguration.
 39. A surgical instrument comprising: an end effectorincluding a pair of jaw members having opposing tissue clampingsurfaces, at least one of the jaw members configured to move withrespect to the other jaw member from an open configuration for receivingtissue and a closed configuration for clamping tissue between theopposing tissue clamping surfaces, at least one of the jaw membersdefining a knife channel formed therein, the knife channel including ablade slot and an elongated cam slot, the blade slot extending betweenthe one of the opposing tissue clamping surfaces and the elongated camslot; a plurality of electrically isolated and independently activatableelectrodes supported by at least one of the tissue clamping surfaces ofone of the jaw members, each of the plurality of electrically isolatedelectrodes spaced along at least one respective clamping surface andconfigured to deliver electrosurgical energy the tissue; and areciprocating member including a blade, the reciprocating memberselectively extendable through the elongated cam slot to a distal endthereof to cam the jaw members to the closed configuration, each of theplurality of electrodes activatable at a sealing position as thereciprocating member extends through the elongated cam slot.